Pathophysiology videos

Hyperprolactinemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Poliomyelitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Lung cancer - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Lower urinary tract infection (cystitis) - causes, symptoms, treatment & pathology

Bell's Palsy - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Aneurysms (brain, aortic, abdominal) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hemorrhagic stroke: intracerebral hemorrhage - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Heart attack (acute myocardial infarction) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Laryngitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Pulmonary embolism - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Rett Syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Chagas disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Pericarditis and pericardial effusions - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms- causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Gingivitis and periodontitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Lymphedema - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Raynaud's Disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Bundle branch block - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hyper IgM Syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Concussion - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Vasculitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Asthma for Families

Tooth decay and Cavities - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Amyloidosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Tricuspid Valve Disease- causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Ischemic Stroke - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Asthma - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Lewy body dementia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Syphilis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Atrial septal defect - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Serum Sickness - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Atrial flutter (type 1, type 2) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Fragile X Syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction- causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Pulmonary Edema - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Prolactinoma - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Deep vein thrombosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Carcinoid Syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Neuroblastoma - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Cholestatic Liver Disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Cocaine Dependence - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Allergic Rhinitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Cardiac tamponade - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Delayed puberty - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Rheumatoid arthritis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Mesothelioma - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Candidal Infections - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hypertension - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Seasonal affective disorder - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Non-hodgkin lymphoma - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Dissociative disorders - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Amnesia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Cannabis Use Disorder - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Pneumonia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Meningitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Aortic Dissection - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Pulmonary hypertension - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hemochromatosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Marfan Syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Small bowel ischemia & infarction - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Acute Cholecystitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Kallmann syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Autism - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

5-alpha reductase deficiency - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Peptic ulcers - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis & Arteriolosclerosis- pathology

Fibromyalgia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Shock - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hypoprolactinemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Cushing Syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Chronic Leukemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Premature ovarian failure - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Thyroglossal duct cyst - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Cirrhosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Myocarditis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Epilepsy (generalized, focal) - tonic-clonic, tonic, clonic, causes, symptoms

Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Bronchiolitis- causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Premature Ventricular Contraction - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Pulmonic valve disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Thrombophlebitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Renal nutcracker syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Germ cell ovarian tumors - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Pertussis (whooping cough) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Sex cord-stromal ovarian cancer- causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Epithelial ovarian cancer - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Premature atrial contractions - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Klinefelter syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Renal tubular acidosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Pleural Effusion - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Superior vena cava syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Nasal Polyps - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Pancoast tumors - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Chronic kidney disease (chronic renal failure) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Sleep apnea - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Colorectal Polyps - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Laryngomalacia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hypomagnesemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hypophosphatemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hyperphosphatemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hypocalcemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hypercalcemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hypermagnesemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Diabetic Nephropathy- causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Goodpasture syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Abscesses - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Neurogenic bladder - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Medullary sponge kidney - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Influenza - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Renal artery stenosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Lupus nephritis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Vesicoureteral reflux - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) - pathology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Renal cortical necrosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Urinary incontinence - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Bladder exstrophy - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Warthin tumor - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Multiple sclerosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hyperaldosteronism - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Malaria - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Potter sequence (oligohydramnios) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Spinal muscular atrophy - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hypospadias & epispadias - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hypokalemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hyperkalemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Placental abruption - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hydronephrosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Gallstones (cholelithiasis) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Hypoxia & cellular injury - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Angina pectoris (stable, unstable, prinzmetal, vasospastic) - symptoms & pathology

Posterior urethral valve (PUV) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Alport syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Diabetes mellitus (type 1, type 2) & diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - causes & symptoms

Alcohol-related liver disease - causes, symptoms & pathology

Chronic bronchitis (COPD) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Placenta previa - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Preparing to apply to medical school

Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) - causes, types, diagnosis, pathology

Omphalocele - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hemophilia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Non-urothelial cell bladder cancers - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Intussusception - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Disseminated intravascular coagulation - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Volvulus - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Intestinal atresia & stenosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Herpes (oral & genital) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Preeclampsia & eclampsia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Tropical sprue - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Sialadenitis (sialoadenitis) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Behcet disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Renal cell carcinoma - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Angiomyolipoma - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Mumps - symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Gout - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Sickle cell anemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Pancreatic carcinoma - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Glaucoma (open-angle, closed-angle, and normal-tension) - pathology, diagnosis, treatment

Aphthous ulcers (canker sores) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Polycystic kidney disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Acute pancreatitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Postpartum hemorrhage - causes, symptoms, treatment, pathology

Chronic pancreatitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

IgA nephropathy (Berger disease) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - causes, symptoms, risk factors, treatment, pathology

Emphysema (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - centriacinar, panacinar, paraseptal

Chronic pyelonephritis (urinary tract infection) - causes, symptoms, pathology

Acute pyelonephritis (urinary tract infection) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Ascending cholangitis (acute cholangitis) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, & pathology

Biliary colic (gallbladder attack) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Gallstone ileus - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

X linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton agammaglobulinemia) - causes & symptoms

Carpal tunnel syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Parkinson's disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Nephronophthisis & medullary cystic kidney disease - causes, symptoms & pathology

Spina bifida (myelomeningocele, meningocele, occulta) - causes, symptoms, treatment

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (crescentic glomerulonephritis)

Achondroplasia (as seen in "Game of Thrones") - causes, symptoms, & pathology

Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Membranous glomerulonephritis (membranous nephropathy) - causes & symptoms

Postrenal acute kidney injury (acute renal failure) - causes, symptoms, & pathology

Cystic fibrosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis & pathology

Measles (rubeola) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment (vaccines) & pathology

Cluster C personality disorders (avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, dependent)

Minimal change disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Cleidocranial dysplasia (as seen in "Stranger Things") - causes, symptoms & pathology

Multicystic dysplastic kidney (kidney dysplasia) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Duchenne & Becker muscular dystrophy - causes, symptoms, treatment & pathology

Horseshoe kidney (renal fusion) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Renal agenesis (unilateral, bilateral, oligohydramnios) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Down syndrome (trisomy 21) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, & pathology

Hirschsprung disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon) - causes & symptoms

Type IV hypersensitivity (cell-mediated) - causes, symptoms, treatment & pathology

Type III hypersensitivity (immune complex mediated) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Jaundice - causes, treatment & pathology

Intrarenal acute kidney injury (acute renal failure) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Prerenal acute kidney injury (acute renal failure) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Digeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome) - causes, symptoms, & pathology

Endocarditis (infective, libman-sacks) - causes, symptoms, treatment & pathology

Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) & nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)

Lactose intolerance - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Restrictive cardiomyopathy - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) - causes, symptoms, treatment & pathology

Rheumatic fever & heart disease - causes, symptoms, treatment & pathology

Osteoarthritis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Varicose veins & chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Type II hypersensitivity (cytotoxic hypersensitivity) - causes, symptoms, & pathology

Congestive heart failure (CHF) - systolic, diastolic, left side, right side, & symptoms

Type I hypersensitivity (IgE-mediated hypersensitivity) - causes, symptoms, pathology

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, & pathology

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - causes, symptoms, treatment & pathology

Long QT syndrome & torsade de pointes - causes, symptoms & pathology

Chronic cholecystitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, & pathology

Reye syndrome - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Truncus arteriosus (TA) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Atrial fibrillation (A-fib, AF) - causes, symptoms, treatment & pathology

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Cardiac tumors (Myxoma, Rhabdomyoma) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis & pathology

Vascular tumors (kaposi, hemangioma, angiosarcoma) - causes & symptoms

Mitral valve disease (regurgitation, stenosis) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) - causes, symptoms, treatment & pathology

Aortic valve disease (bicuspid, tricuspid) - stenosis, regurgitation, symptoms

Atrioventricular (AV) block - first, second, third (complete) degree, - symptoms

Tetralogy of fallot (TOF) - repair, causes, symptoms & pathology

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) - repair, causes, symptoms & pathology

Lyme disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Tuberculosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

HIV & AIDS - signs, symptoms, transmission, causes & pathology

Ventricular fibrillation (VF or V-fib) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Diverticula, diverticulosis, & diverticulitis - causes, symptoms & pathology

Celiac disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Kawasaki disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Appendicitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Acute myeloid & lymphoblastic leukemia - causes, symptoms & pathology

Ulcerative colitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Crohn's disease (Crohn disease) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Ischemia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Malignant liver tumors - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Zika virus - causes, outbreak, symptoms & pathology

Gallbladder cancer (adenocarcinoma) - causes, symptoms & pathology

Benign liver tumors - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Biliary atresia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Wilson's disease - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Oxygen free radicals & cellular injury - causes, symptoms & pathology

Primary biliary cholangitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

Neonatal & idiopathic hepatitis - causes, symptoms & pathology

Autoimmune hepatitis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology

Viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology